by Steve Fradkin, Political Communications Consultant
Have you ever wondered why…
…people get re-elected despite terrible performance ratings?
…campaign ads seem to focus on everything but the issues?
…so many ads from one campaign talk only about the opponent?
…candidates seem to never really answer the questions in “debates?”
…experience doesn’t seem to matter?
Well, you’re not alone.
“Negative” campaigning
While “negative” campaigning is nothing new in American politics (the 1800 race between Adams and Jefferson is one of the most notorious) it is the most ubiquitous form of political message in use today. And deplore it as we may, it works.
Why? Because political communication works best when it moves people emotionally. “By appealing to another’s emotions rather than their intellect,” says David Romanelli in his article Emotions: How to Tune Into Them, “you are much more likely to trigger a response.”
- In no part of the campaign is anyone trying to educate you.
2. Ads are designed to move you (many say nothing about the sponsoring candidate).
3. Articles are written by reporters and editors, often with sensationalism and juicy bits of non-issue data.
4. Broadcast sound-bites are edited to prove the reporter’s or editor’s point.
5. Debates are restricted in length (can you explain a complete economic program in just 90 seconds?) and the answers usually consist of 10% response to the question and 90% prepared text, loosely related (or not) to the subject.
So you can’t really take the messages at face value. You expect they will help you know something, but political consultants are carefully crafting those messages to make you feel something.
Translating the ads
So how can we translate the emotion-laden messages into something logical, factual and meaningful?
- Find materials written by the candidates themselves (such as Barack Obama’s The Audacity of Hope, or Mitt Romney’s No Apology: Believe in America).
- Pay attention to how what you hear or see makes you feel (such emotions as fear, pride, optimism, confusion, warmth, amusement, anger, skepticism, curiosity, confidence, etc.)
- Note the tone (nasty, humorous, tabloid-sounding) and content (what’s the ad about?). They can have a significant emotional impact. Once you identify the feelings, separate them from the information (if there is any).
- Check who sponsors the advertising. When the tag says “Paid for and authorized by the [candidate’s name] Committee” or the candidate says “I approved this message” you know (s)he has seen and approved of the ad. But many ads are placed by PACs or other independent groups. The candidates have no say in the content or tone.
- Go to the candidates’ websites (such as MittRomney.com or BarackObama.com), and read the “Issues” sections.
- If you get an email, check out its validity on snopes.com (type a few key words into the “Search” section). The many “urban legends” floating around are often quite hateful and/or untrue.
- Be suspicious of sensationalist claims (sex scandals, shady dealings, etc.). Most of them are either fabrications, exaggerations or distortions.
- On debates, pay more attention the how the candidate responds than what (s)he says. His/her ability to think on the spot, his/her demeanor and style, his/her knowledge of the facts, may tell you more than his/her words or slips of the tongue (s)he might make.
Finally, remember that no system of electing public officials is perfect. As many defects as there are in our system, it is still the best on earth. Ours is the oldest continually operating government in the world, and for good reason. Learn what you can, and then go vote on November 6th.
Steve Fradkin has provided message strategy and/or implementation for over 175 campaigns. He is the president of the Canton (MA) advertising agency, The Wizard of Adz, Inc.